Managing Information Essay Essays

Managing Information Essay Essays Managing Information Essay Essay Managing Information Essay Essay IntroductionWith about 40 years’ experience has seen the industry alteration many times. and has ever kept itself at the head of that alteration. Its repute is a beginning of pride for all who work here. and it’s something we’re keen to continue and develop the lone manner possible: through fulfilling our clients. We have developed into a prima multidisciplinary contractor offering a genuinely comprehensive. incorporate service to clients in development. building. energy and many other sectors. ( See appendix 1 for Organisational chart’s of company ) My occupation function within the administration is quiet a varied one in that my twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities are neer rather the same. but to summarize my chief responsibilities include subjecting monthly applications in line with the assorted contracts worked on for illustration NEC and JCT to call but a few. go toing site progress meetings with a scope of clients from the commercial / proficient and building sections. subjecting internal applications and working advancement. go toing internal fiscal meetings with the Financial Director / Demolition Director and Management Accountant and bring forthing a study with the inclusion of monthly prognosiss. go toing meetings with Contracts Managers and Estimating manager to discourse and bring forth budget and mark sheets. completion of contract sum analysis and stop life prognosiss which are so discussed and agreed by the Demolition Director. supervising a broad assortment of sub contractors from different building subjects used which requires the demand to direct out stamp bundles. raising and presenting bomber contract orders. elevation of sub contract payments after measuring applications received. All the above aids in the monitoring of assorted contracts and ensures undertakings are delivered on clip within budget and the client receives maximal satisfaction to procure future work chances. 1. 0 Understand the Management of Information within the administration 1. 1 Critically assess information flow through a figure of different channels within the administration Throughout the administration there is assorted different types of information used which is transferred throughout the administration in several capacities. Information by and large described as below: Production and Operational – Information on assets / quality / criterions Financial Information – Profit / Costs / Margins / Cash Flow / Targets Internal Documentation – Purchase Orders / Delivery Notes / Invoices A ; Applications / Credit Notes / Departmental studies / Department Meetings and proceedingss / Hire Sheets / Plant Sheets and Information / Allocation Sheets and Plant Returns / Employees Records / Cost Books A ; Tender Information / Applications and Invoices ( Client ) All the above is aided with an Integrated Management System ‘This Integrated Management System outlines how Cuddy plans to fulfill the: Quality demand of ISO9001:2008 ( Quality Management System Specification ) Health A ; safety demands of OHSAS18001:2007 ( Occupational Health A ; Safety Assessment Series 18001 ) Environmental demands of ISO14001:2004 ( Environmental Management Systems Specification ) by runing a model based on these demands This Integrated Management System is intended to straight run into the demands of the undermentioned statute law and ordinances: Health A ; Safety at Work Act 1974 – Section 2 ( 3 ) requires administrations to hold a Health A ; Safety policy which should include: Statement of Intent ( i. e. Health A ; Safety mission ) Administration ( i. e. construction. functions A ; duties )Agreements ( i. e. process and counsel ) Management of Health A ; Safety at Work Regulations 1999 – Regulation 5 requires administrations to hold agreements for set abouting effectual planning. administration. control. monitoring and reappraisal of the preventative and protective wellness and safety steps. HSG65 Successful Health A ; Safety Management – This counsel outlines the direction system demands for implementing the agreements required within ordinance 5 of the Management of Health and Safety A ; Work Regulations 1999. This Integrated Management System will supply the mechanism for pull offing other legislative. regulative and other policy demands ( e. g. hazard appraisal. preparation. etc ) . ’ Above abstract taken from Cuddy To be read alongside the IMS as an assistance is the followers:Standard processsForms and Guidance NotesStandard Operating ProceduresCertificates. Insurances. LicensesPolicy StatementsStandard COSHH and Risk Appraisals As touched on there are assorted different ways in which the information is transferred throughout the administration with the usage of electronic. difficult transcript and spoken for the assorted types. all this aids us to capture the different types of difficult and soft information we need in order to guarantee a undertaking is a successful 1. ‘Soft information includes feelings. perceptual experiences. sentiments ; values on the other manus difficult information includes verifiable informations and cognition. ’ hypertext transfer protocol: //onemind. com/2010/03/07/hard-and-soft-information/ I have touched on how information is transferred internally and specifically in the office and from a manager’s point of position through assorted different capacities but haven’t gone into depth how information is transferred to the male childs on the front line on site. As I presently see it within the company there is clear breakdown in communicating from when we tender and win a occupation to what information is received on site and in peculiar how the site forces are managed on that specific occupation In relation to what precisely we priced. This I believe is impacting on the continuance we are taking to finish the occupation and impacting on the possibility of doing the occupation every bit successful as possible. besides this may hold a negative consequence on the company as whole whilst tendering for plants in the hereafter. As portion of the IMS there are processs in topographic point ( listed below ) . but neither allows for the mode and information to be transferred to site. To summarize from the information that is transferred demands to be clear. simple and set out in the manner in which the site supervisor understands what is required in order to guarantee the undertaking is successful. Topographic point for Enquiry. stamp and contract reappraisal Undertaking Delivery As a brief apprehension in mention to specifically the Demolition Department we have an gauging manager who will see the sites which require pricing and bring forth a cost book papers which is passed to the destruction manager and managing manager for remark before subjecting what they believe to be our most competitory stamp and or command. If we are lucky plenty to be successful in winning that specific occupation the cost book along with the stamp information will be passed to the relevant contracts director and measure surveyor in order to bring forth a budget / mark sheet and an extent of works sheet. This is when the center directors have the chance to raise any questions sing the occupation with the gauging manager or the destruction manager on what precisely has been allowed and priced for. The following measure in the current procedure is for the stamp information to be copied and a site file produced and passed to the supervisor in order to transport out the plants. The cost book. aim / budget sheet is non passed onto site and this is merely for mention between the center directors and managers of the company for the protection of critical information. Therefore I propose we come up with a process that will let the smooth transportation of information to site and give a clear indicant of what precisely has been allowed in the stamp. In puting this process I hope to bridge the spread between site and the information held at the office. and in making so keep regular meetings with dockets. proceedingss disturbed. 1. 2 Propose betterments to the flow of information within your country of duty. based on your organizational appraisal Due to my occupation function being one in which I try to understate cost and heighten value you for money. I believe in puting clear and simple marks to the Supervisors on site this will authorise them and give them inducements and a clear apprehension on what needs to be achieved in order to guarantee the occupation awarded becomes a successful and profitable 1. As mentioned antecedently in the current state of affairs the Supervisors are given the stamp information and briefly explained the occupation but in some senses are left to run the occupation with unfastened ended marks and no clear sense of way or direction. this is bend is doing occupations to run over and us non maximizing profitableness. Presently the transportation of information from stamp phase Michigans at the center directors point. The grounds being for this is due to confidentiality of the information contained within the cost book and mark / budget sheet and as directors there is information we do non desire the site operatives to see. Therefore the first action in the process would be to keep a pre start meeting or initial meeting or the similar on site with the following being in attending. The ground I have listed the below as typically they will be make up ones minding factor on how good a occupation goes: Relevant Contracts Manager Relevant Quantity SurveyorRelevant Site SupervisorWithin this meeting the occupation as a whole would be discussed briefly merely. In destruction for illustration it is possible to interrupt a general occupation up into the undermentioned classs: Site set upAsbestos RemovalSoft StripDestruction to exceed of slabRemoval of slabs and foundationsCrush stuffClear Site As you can see from above by and large there are a few different classs of work required to be carried out on a typical destruction occupation. Therefore I believe we should non take to discourse the whole occupation in item but marks given for each single work activity merely. as if we discuss the occupation in item this may do the supervisor to travel into his / her shell and be intimidated before the occupation has even commenced. Therefore within this process it will be broken down into the specific work activities and depending on the size of the occupation these work activates could even be broken up into stages if demand be. For illustration in the first pre start meeting or initial meeting the general site set up would be discussed and peculiar what is required in regard of cabins / public assistance / heras fencing to call a few points and the location of where we intend to site up site. As it presently stands the contracts director normally sets up the site but I believe if we have the supervisor on board early doors and let him to hold an input of the set up needed / location this will give him a sense of pride and authorization that he is in charge of the site. What site set up that’s required normally depends on the size of the site but typically this normally takes a hebdomad or longer and under current H A ; S and CDM Regulations 2007 no plants are to get down unless the followers are in topographic point: Blushing lavatories and running H2O and drainage systems. Washing Facilities with hot and cold H2O.Soap or other suited agencies of cleansing.Towels or other suited agencies of drying.Sufficient airing and lighting.Sinks big plenty to rinse face. custodies and forearms.Drinking Water.Changing suites and cabinets.Rest Facilities and warming. After initial site set up has been completed another advancement meeting will be held on site with a specific mark laid out for the work activity in inquiry. By and large on a destruction site Asbestos Removal normally has to take topographic point before we can get down soft strip depending on what type of asbestos and in line with the specific site asbestos study in topographic point. But for illustration if we take the occupation as a additive undertaking and the soft strip can non get down until after the asbestos. so within this meeting we discuss in length the asbestos remotion and put a clear mark with the input from the supervisor. Typical of illustration of this mark could be once more depending on size of the site but take for statements sake we take it as the site is split up into 5 stages. Phase 1 -10 Men x 6 Weeks Phase 2-5 Men x 3 WeeksPhase 3 -8 Men x 5 WeeksPhase 4 -8 Men x 2 WeeksPhase 5 -6 Men x 6 Weeks The basis will set in by the center directors to guarantee the mark above is in line with the cost book and or aim / budget sheet. and in line with this process it will try to put it out every bit basic as possible in order to try to take every bit much force per unit area off as possible. Weekly advancement meeting will be held after the initial meeting in order to reflect on the old week’s activity. Within this meeting it will be an chance for the supervisor to measure his public presentation and the public presentation of his squad on site. in making so will be a ego assessment tool for the supervisor without cognizing. It will besides give the center directors an update of current place in regard of the marks set out and give an chance to amend or alter anything that is non quiet working right and maintain the things that are. The meetings will go on on a hebdomadal footing with clear marks and unfastened and blunt treatments with input from all parties to make a sense of a squad as I believe this will assist with the running of the occupation. Changeless communicating will be held throughout on a day-to-day footing to guarantee all parties are cognizant of changeless ongoing on site. When plants have been completed the concluding action in the process would be to hold a station contract meeting once more with all parties where all the information is discussed /analysed / marks reviewed and the similar. This will be ready to hand in traveling frontward and used as a tool to garner day of the month / information. This information could be fed back to the gauging manager and destruction manager in order to hold the full circle should a similar occupation arise in the hereafter. The above will be written out in a clear process therefore should person go forth the company. or the occupation being transferred to person else so everyone will be cognizant what is required of them. See Appendix 4 for proposed new Procedure By seting in topographic point the above process it will help with spoken. electronic and difficult information and the transportation of. Spoken – Due to the nature of the process it encourages the day-to-day duologue between directors and the site supervisors. Hard Copies – Agendas and Minutes will be taken of all meetings taken placed. which will be updated electronically and distributed consequently. Electronic – Targets will be collated and circulated. along with transcript of the proceedingss. 2. 0 Gather and Analyse information to do determinations to work out jobs in your country of duty 2. 1 Collect information from a broad scope of beginnings to back up direction decision-making Site Managers / Supervisors Verbal illustrations from site directors / supervisors saying that the deficiency of information in regard of the range / stamp inclusions is holding a negative impact on the overall public presentation of our occupations. As mentioned this is transferred verbally therefore we will hold to take into history of its dependability and cogency. As mentioned antecedently there is a clear dislocation in the flow of information from when we monetary value and win a occupation to the information passed onto site and the direction of that information in order to do the occupation every bit successful as possible. This is readily backed up from verbal conversations with the site supervisors themselves who are unsure of what the extents of plants are and the possible impact this is holding on the continuance of the undertakings? Specifically within the Construction Industry as a director the below is at the head of every determination we make. The trigon illustrates the relationship between three primary forces in a undertaking. Time is the available clip to present the undertaking. cost represents the sum of money or resources available and quality represents the fit-to-purpose that the undertaking must accomplish to be a success. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. projectsmart. co. uk/project-management-scope-triangle. hypertext markup language But finally the determinations we make from site degree up the concatenation to the pull offing managers determine the result. Below is grounds that everyone makes determinations. Above it shows the impact and importance of determinations with respects to the Cuddy Group it is possible to divide the three groups up into the followers: High Value -Managing Directors and Directors Medium Value-Middle Managers e. g. Contracts Managers and Quantity Surveyors Low Value-Site Managers and Site Personnel Quiet frequently when doing a determination we use past cognition in order to assistance and help us. Past cognition or the information that is by and large contained within the encephalons of persons is by and large known as tacit cognition. This cognition is continually acquiring updated and revised depending on larning. experiences and penetration. There are assorted different types of cognition and this is summarised in assorted theoretical accounts. One of the widely accepted attacks to summarizing cognition direction is the Nonaka A ; Takeushi. ( see appendix 9 for web location ) Below are a twosome of diagrams demoing the matrix. Nonaka A ; Takeuchi model the procedure of organizational cognition creative activity as a spiral in which cognition is amplified through these four manners of cognition transition. Quote taken from category notes. Along with the particular undertaking direction matrix / flow and cognition diagrams there is general direction information available that will help in determination devising see below. Dependability and Validity Model ( see appendix 9 for web location ) Knowledge Classifications Model ( see appendix 9 for web location ) Good determinations make good undertakings. so what makes a good determination ( and. hence. a good undertaking ) ? The reply is. one that’s good planned. But so you run into the inquiry of how long the decision-making procedure should take. Well. the last thing we need is a new formal methodological analysis for decision-making- nothing would of all time acquire done. That’s why I’d like to suggest several utile regulations you can use to decision-making: See the importance of the determination. To find the importance of a determination. inquire yourself: What are the effects for both the undertaking and for you? In world. how pressing is the determination? ( Note that there’s a difference between of import and urgent. ) Ask yourself if there are more options. In other words. if you’re choosing between three options. inquire yourself if there’s besides a 4th option. Think about stakeholders’ sentiments. Have you listened to the sentiments of stakeholders in the determination? You should. Even though they may non wish your ultimate determination. they’ll have to populate with it. Concede the fact that you’re traveling to do some irrational determinations. We frequently make determinations about by physiological reaction. utilizing a combination of experience. informations analysis. gut feelings. fright. personal penchant. and peer force per unit area. I’m non stating that you shouldn’t take into history your sense of self-preservation. the positions of your squad. or your remembrances about why a old undertaking caused you heartache. You merely necessitate to be cognizant that each new state of affairs demands a clear point of position and a fresh determination ; otherwise. the same errors will repeat. Remember that even some little picks can hold large effects. Don’t underestimate the possibility that major effects could ensue from apparently undistinguished picks you make along the manner. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. techrepublic. com/article/decisions-decisions-make-them-timely-wisely-and-responsibly/1049740 Along with the information above collated from the web I have besides read the following text books / Management books. NLP Pocketbook ( see appendix 10 ) Prosecuting Employees. A practical usher for busy leaders A ; directors ( see appendix 10 ) Both books aid direction and in peculiar with determination devising. In regard of the NLP Pocketbook it produmitaly focal point on yourself and your actions. It works on a SMART end puting scheme. SMART end scene is Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic and within a defined Time Frame. SSpecific and positive M Measurable and meaningful to youAAchievable and covering all countries of your life. stated in the present tense as if you have achieved it now RRealistic and right for you TTimes and targeted. towards what you want. In add-on to SMART end puting. NLP incorporates a procedure called ‘creating a grammatical result. Making a grammatical result involves inquiring a series of inquiries that will assist you clear up your end. They will assist you to determine how of import the end is to you. how ( if necessary ) to revise it and do it more accomplishable. Well –formed outcome inquiries: Is the end stated positively? What do you desire? ( Eg. desiring to increase company net incomes instead than a statement about cut downing the loss ) Can you get down and keep the procedure of accomplishing the end by yourself. and maintain it in your control? Does the end include all the senses? How will you cognize you have achieved it? What will you experience. see and hear when you have achieved it? What will other people fee. see and state when you have achieved it? Is the context clearly defined? How long will it take? Who will be involved? Where will it take topographic point? How will it be achieved? When do you desire it? Have you checked that it is ecological or meaningful for you. Internet Explorer is it worth the investing in clip and money? Does the result tantrum in with your life and who you are? Does the end keep those facets of the present state of affairs you want to continue. Internet Explorer are at that place positive elements you wish to keep? Does it place the resources you need – those you already have or those you need to get? What first measure must you take? What are the following stairss? Abstract straight taken from the NLP Pockebook.But in contrast to the above the Engaging Employees. A practical usher for busy leaders A ; directors text book focuses predominately on how to acquire the best out of your squad. See contents page taken from the text book to endorse this up. Is starts with youPlaning to pass onUnderstanding your audienceProsecuting people in alterationFace to face affairsTeam meetings ; acquiring it togetherHigh Impact presentationsChecking you’re acquiring throughEffective electronic mail – at lastThe write material. 2. 2 Analyse the information collected from a broad assortment of beginnings. to inform decision-making Project Management Models When undertaking pull offing a occupation in building there are assorted different types of theoretical accounts that we are able to follow some of which I have given illustrations of but finally the primary focal point specifically within the building industry is the trigon between the three primary forces. Delivering the occupation on clip. within budget to a high criterion. Decision devising theoretical account With the trigon in head we all have to do determinations of variable impact and volume as is set out in the determination doing theoretical account. With this in head pull offing information and the determinations we make are cardinal. ‘By non doing a determination you’re doing a determination to non do a decision’ taken from the ILM category notes. The determinations we make as a concern finally determines how successful the result is. and in peculiar the flow of information within the company to help our determination devising is critical. Therefore before we make any determinations we have to take into history the impact of the determinations we are doing. Nonaka A ; takeuchi theoretical account When doing a determination we normally take into history past experiences / making otherwise defined as Tacit Knowledge. Under the Nonaka A ; Takeuchi model it explains the relationship and how we can turn Tacit Knowledge into Explicit cognition which can be readily transmitted to others. Most common signifiers of expressed cognition are manual. paperss and processs in our administration we can associate to the ILM system and the assorted processs in topographic point. Please see below which makes good reading. The patent had attempted to be bought by a purchaser in other words the tacit cognition had attempted to be turned into expressed cognition but due to it perchance non being documented right or the mode in which it was presented non being explained right it failed. Therefore the tacit cognition that had been turned into expressed cognition was small or no usage to the purchaser. We must bare this in head if we are trusting excessively to a great extent on expressed cognition and in peculiar how dependable the cognition is? In the same sense it’s possible to categorize Wikipedia as expressed cognition but we have to take into history the beginning and what past experience or where the information originated from before utilizing it to do a determination. ‘Bessemer steel procedure - Bessemer sold a patent for his advanced steel doing procedure and was sued by the buyers who couldn’t acquire it to work. In the terminal Bessemer set up his ain steel company because he knew how to make it. even though he could non convey it to his patent users. Bessemer’s company became one of the largest in the universe and changed the face of steel devising. [ 15 ] ’ hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tacit_kn owledge Measuring Validity and Reliability theoretical account When garnering information to do a determination we must take in the cogency and dependability of what we looking to accomplish. Particularly within the building industry there is specific ways in which to mensurate or cipher something and this can be best described as the below. Dependability Dependability refers to how consistent a measuring device is. A measuring is said to be dependable or consistent if the measuring can bring forth similar consequences if used once more in similar fortunes. For illustration. if a speed indicator gave the same readings at the same velocity it would be dependable. If it didn’t it would be pretty useless and undependable. Importantly dependability of self-report steps. such as psychometric trials and questionnaires can be assessed utilizing the split half method. This involves dividing a trial into two and holding the same participant making both halves of the trial. If the two halves of the trial provide similar consequences this would propose that the trial has internal dependability. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. holah. karoo. net/reliabilityandvalidity. htmIn regard of cogency this refers to the extent of what we are mensurating and what we hope to mensurate. Cogency This refers to whether a survey measures or examines what it claims to mensurate or analyze. Questionnaires are said to frequently lack cogency for a figure of grounds. Participants may lie ; give replies that are desired and so on. It is argued that qualitative informations is more valid than quantitative informations. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. holah. karoo. net/reliabilityandvalidity. htm Both the dependability and cogency have classs in themselves in which we can utilize to mensurate if they are accomplishing what we set out to accomplish. To summarize we need to be aware if we are utilizing specific informations or gathered information if it’s dependable and valid in footings of what we are trusting to accomplish and suit for intent. Information to Knowledge Management With regard of the following theoretical account it gives us an penetration of how the of all time germinating computing machine industry and in peculiar the capacity to hive away and administer informations / information is enabling forces larning and besides the capacity to do right determination in traveling frontward. Given an illustration that is relevant to the Cuddy group is the below. We are able to salvage / shop and distribute natural facts and figures on a peculiar occupation and in making so we are able to see if a occupation was successful in regard of net income? We so can travel on to give significance to the obtained informations in regard of information and give grounds why that occupation was successful? We so can analyze the derived information and understand what we did good on that occupation. This will so give us the wisdom traveling frontward to cognize what to make for the best on other occupations. As mentioned germinating engineering is helping us with the transportation and storing of this information and helping us with the capableness of forces larning. There are assorted illustrations and theoretical accounts that differ somewhat some of which I have given illustrations but all cover the above. General Management Tools As the assignment is targeted at in-between directors I have looked into the impact that determinations have and what to see before doing determinations? As a regulation the undermentioned applies: See the importance of the determinationAsk yourself if there are more optionsThink about stakeholders sentimentsConcede you’re traveling to do some irrational determinationsRemember that even little pick have large effectsI besides looked into how Smart end scene and how to prosecute with employees. 2. 3 Use this analysis of information to do and warrant a direction determination Using the analysis and the information collated along with the process I believe this will break the flow of information throughout the company. The trigon The process will help with presenting the occupation on clip within budget and to a high criterion. Delivering the occupation on clip – By holding hebdomadal meetings on site and the changeless day-to-day duologue this should enable any jobs to be caught at an early phase and therefore giving clip to pinch in the bud the possible to impact on advancement and in peculiar the terminal day of the month which quiet frequently is cardinal to a occupation being a successful one from a clients point of position. Within Budget – Due to the process leting for a reappraisal of the mark v existent on a hebdomadal footing this will enable hebdomadal monitoring of the budget to guarantee everything is on path. atm at that place if merely an allowance of monthly coverage and it’s possible for any occupation to alter dramatically from month to month. High Standard – Again as the process allows for the contracts director / measure surveyor to see site at least one time a hebdomad with the supervisor holding opportunity to set his / hers positions across together this should raise criterions. Decision devising theoretical account In mention to the process this will repeat the fact that everyone makes determinations particularly as proceedingss will be keep. actions assigned and closed out as and when this occurs. Nonaka A ; Takeuchi Model With the process in topographic point it will let for smoother transportation of silent cognition into Explicit Knowledge. This will be done by taking proceedingss ; supervising advancement against marks and describing this information back to managers / pull offing managers in order to hold the full rhythm. Validity and Reliability Under the process advancement meetings will be held on site this will let us to scrutinize and supervise the dependability and the cogency of the information we are being told by the site director / supervisor. This will be used as a look intoing tool before information is transferred around the company to managers and pull offing managers likewise. Knowledge Management With the process set in topographic point where proceedingss are taken / marks are monitored it will let for us to salvage / shop and distribute natural facts. Besides with the hebdomadal proceedingss we will be to give significance to the obtained informations for illustration why we missed out specific marks? Why we bettered marks? From this so we can analyze the information and understand how and why? This will so enable us to do the correct determinations in traveling frontward. Along with the analyzing the above theoretical accounts and information. I have taking history of why from a directors point of position why the process in topographic point will help with the running of occupations on site and the transportation of information. With respects to the current state of affairs of bring forthing the cost book that is translated to a mark / budget sheet. this information will be small or no usage to the supervisor for a figure of grounds listed below: Information Overload – Due to the nature of the papers this may do confusion in the manner the papers is set out. hence as set out in the process by interrupting things the whole occupation down into specific undertakings this will more than probably take the force per unit area off and give a clear apprehension of what is required and expected off of them. This is likely to do them less intimated and more confident as if they are clear More custodies on and practical – The academic degree of a supervisor by and large is non the same as what we would usually anticipate from a in-between director in that the cost book / mark and budget sheet will non be fit for intent if passed onto the supervisor. therefore the information should be broken down so it is easy understood. Team ethos – As it presently stands the information is passed to the supervisor with no clear way and direction spring. hence by using the proposed process this will so bridge the spread and increase the we are in it together attack. Why will meetings be held face to confront? Sense of Importance – By doing the attempt to go to site. as typically our sites are all of the United Kingdom so this will instil into the supervisor the assurance he needs in that he got your support should he necessitate it. Ability – may non be able to utilize the computing machine hence face to face will enable supervisors to hold an chance to lend their input without experiencing intimidated Sense of importance – By keeping the meetings face to confront this will enable them to experience like they got you in their corner and in making so should make a clear divide from site secret agents to supervisors. Meetings more forces – Generally meetings face to face are more forces and can be structured better with agendas / proceedingss and the similar helping Why will the supervisor in regard of the site operatives be the lone site member to be portion of the meeting? Clear degree of direction between site secret agents / supervisors and in-between directors – This will authorise the site supervisors and in making have a clear barrier between the site secret agents and himself. Self Worth – It will besides give the site supervisor the ego worth and common regard between himself and the in-between director. hopefully this should increase productiveness as he is likely to desire to make more for the in-between director if he believes he has the regard. Respect earns regard! Company by and large uses bureau Labour – As touched on antecedently due to the company runing throughout the company there is the demand to use bureau labor. by holding hebdomadal meetings with the supervisor in attending once more this is making a clear construction. How the meetings should be conducted? Ability – plentifulness of treatments inquiries to guarantee supervisor gets points you’re devising. Let supervisor to hold their say and input – By inquiring inquiries this will let supervisor to hold their say and input. Informally instead than officially. don’t want supervisor to experience under limelight – Due to the nature of the building industry and particularly on site it is instead informal. hence if the meetings are held in the same mode this should enable the in-between line directors to acquire the most out of the supervisors. From analyzing the assorted different theoretical accounts and uniting with general in-between direction duties I believe the process I have put in topographic point will significantly assist with the transportation of information from site to board degree likewise. 3. 0 Disseminate information on a direction determination. through the right organizational channels 3. 1 Communicate information to team member or other co-workers to run into concern aims. utilizing appropriate organizational channels In mention to the process set up this should let for the changeless communicating of how a specific occupation is executing from site degree to the board of managers and in peculiar through the right organizational channel. To lucubrate on the above ; Site Supervisors will hold changeless duologue with in-between directors on a day-to-day footing. with a hebdomadal advancement held on site to discourse public presentation. Munities of the meeting with be typed up and public presentation analysed with cognition added to explicate how public presentation is runing? Are we traveling to hit our mark? Be on clip? Within budget? To call a few of the inquiries answered? This will so in bend be disrupted to the relevant manager. finance manager and the direction comptroller. This will so be discussed on hebdomadal footing in the departmental hebdomadal advancement meeting. and the biweekly Trading Review run intoing with finance with the relevant managers. This in bend so can be reported back to the MD by the relevant managers when board degree meeting happens. As you can see from the process put in topographic point we will let for the coverage from site to board of managers level to be on a hebdomadal footing instead than a monthly as is presently in topographic point. this in bend will give us every chance possible to accomplish the best possible result in regard of the building trigon. Delivering the occupation on clip. within budget to a high criterion. 3. 2 Communicate information to stakeholders or clients to run into concern aims In mention to the process as mentioned antecedently this will let for the changeless flow of information from site to pull offing managers ( stakeholders ) to be done on a hebdomadal footing. In regard of clients or clients quiet the building trigon is cardinal. hence by holding hebdomadal advancement meetings this information will be able to be fed back to the client. giving them the assurance that we are seting their demands foremost ‘the client is ever right ethos’

Human Rights Issues and Terrorism

Human Rights Issues and Terrorism The concept of human rights was first expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which established recognition of the inherent dignity and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.   Human rights are relevant to terrorism as concerns both its victims and its perpetrators. The innocent victims of terrorism suffer an attack on their most basic right to live in peace and security. The suspected perpetrators of attacks also have rights, as fellow human beings, in the course of their apprehension and prosecution. They have the right not to be subject to torture or other degrading treatment, the right to be presumed innocent until they are deemed guilty of the crime and the right to public trial. The War on Terror Focused Human Rights Issues The Al Qaeda attacks of September 11, the subsequent declaration of a global war on terror, and the rapid development of more stringent counter-terrorism efforts have pitched the issue of human rights and terrorism into high relief. This is true not only in the United States but in a number of countries who have signed on as partners in a global coalition to crack down on terrorist activity. Indeed, following 9/11 a number of countries that routinely violate the human rights of political prisoners or dissidents found tacit American sanction to expand their repressive practices. The list of such countries is long and includes China, Egypt, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan. Western democracies with long records of an essential respect for human rights and institutional checks on excessive state power also took advantage of 9/11 to erode checks on state power and undermine human rights. The Bush Administration, as the author of the global war on terror has taken significant steps in this direction. Australia, the UK, and European countries have also found advantage in restricting civil liberties for some citizens, and the European Union has been accused by human rights organizations of facilitating the rendition- the illegal detention and transport of terrorist suspects to prisons in third countries, and where their torture is all but guaranteed. According to Human Rights Watch, the list of countries who found it to their benefit to use terrorism prevention to intensify their own crackdown on political opponents, separatists and religious groups, or to advance unnecessarily restrictive or punitive policies against refugees, asylum-seekers, and other foreigners immediately following the 9/11 attacks includes: Australia, Belarus, China, Egypt, Eritrea, India, Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Macedonia, Malaysia, Russia, Syria, the United States, Uzbekistan and Zimbabwe. Human Rights for Terrorists Are Not at the Expense of Victims Rights The focus by human rights groups and others on the preservation of terrorist suspects human rights may seem jarring, or as if that focus comes at the expense of attention to the human rights of terrorisms victims. Human rights, however, cannot be considered a zero-sum game. Law Professor Michael Tigar put the issue eloquently when he pointed out  that governments, because they are the most powerful actors, have the greatest capacity for injustice. In the long term, an insistence that all states prioritize human rights and prosecute illegitimate violence is the best defense against terrorism. As Tigar puts it, When we see that the struggle for human rights in all the world is the surest and best means to prevent and to punish terrorism properly so-called, we then understand what progress we have made, and we will see where we need to go from here. Human Rights and Terrorist Documents The Universal Declaration of Human RightsHuman Rights Watch list of countries violating rights in the name of anti-terrorismHuman Rights and Terrorism Commission on Human Rights resolution 2003/37Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while Countering Terrorism

Exchange Rates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exchange Rates - Essay Example However, the opposite happens in fixed rate regime. Furthermore, in fixed exchange rate the price of one currency is permanent comparative to all other currencies by state authority. However, in flexible or the floating exchange rate system, the value of a currency is permitted to vary in reaction to the forces in the market. Alternatively, under the fixed exchange rates, expansion of money reduces interest rates thus leading to outflows of capital. The eventual loss in coffers lowers the money supply (Jones & Lumby, 2003). On the flip side, under the flexible regime the exchange rate is depreciated by the capital outflow resulting to a stimulated output (Mukherjee, 2007). Finally, under the fixed exchange rate, positive demand increases interest rates and provokes an inflow of capital that balances the loss of the coffers through deficit of trade. In contrast, under the floating rates the inflow of capital appraises the exchange

Should There Be a Market in Human Organs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should There Be a Market in Human Organs - Essay Example I believe that the rich in the contemporary capitalist societies have immense influence in the way business is conducted and they control many market forces such trade policy which in most case sideline the poor. Given the disadvantaged position of the poor in comparison to the rich, it would be unfair to expect that the two groups would compete favorably. In fact, it would be same as telling the rich that the poor have to give the rich their organs for them to give them money. The rich, and every other person who is in a vantage point, has a moral duty to give to the poor without conditions such as they have to get their organs in return (Kishore, 2005). Assuming that the people buying these human organs are all patients who need organs in order to rectify a medical condition, only those patients who can afford to buy organs will get them and the others will unjustly be left out. Those who get to buy these organs might not be in need of an organ as seriously as the ones who cannot afford them but because of their economic affordability, they will get and the poor ones will be left wallow in their pain and agony. This is especially so in a free trade market where the supply of human organs and their prices will not be regulated and only the highest bidder will benefit. Opponents to the claim that a market in human organs undermines justice can charge that such a market would show regard for autonomy. However, I believe that the power of money to bait an individual who is morally competent to give in to a transaction compromises the individual’s autonomy and this is what a market in human organs would do (Cherry, 2005). Trading human organs would undermine the virtue of altruism because it would attach monetary value to human relationships. Altruism makes a person to put the concerns and welfare of others before his

Biblical Counseling Essay Example for Free

Biblical Counseling Essay The term biblical counseling never appear anywhere in the Bible, thus creating the dilemma defining the term. However, the words such as counsel, wisdom, and advice do appear. Walter A. Elwell (1988) defines counsel as â€Å"advice† especially legal matters. † It was derived from the Latin word consilium from con-solere meaning to consult. Counseling therefore means consultation for an advice. The Eerdsman Bible Dictionary noted that counselors were commonly employed at the royal court. The Vines expository Dictionary of the Biblical Words stated that the Greek word sumboulion for ‘counsel’ denotes a task â€Å"given, taken, and acted upon† such as in Matthew 12: 14 where the Pharisees devised a plan after conferring with one another against Jesus Christ, and finally executed that plan. Vines Completely Expository Dictionary stated that the word counsel was used throughout the history of the Hebrew language. The Hebrew word yaas, to counsel was first used in Exodus 18:19 where Jethro says: â€Å"Listen now to me and I will give you some advice, and may God be with you. You must be the people’s representative before God and bring your dispute to Him. † In the passage, the word advice was used synonymously with the word counsel. Thus, Jethro counseled Moses. Citing the works of Jay Adams, Dr. Larry Crabb and Lawrence Crabb (1997) stated that the Greek word noutheteo includes the idea of verbal, directive, instructive confrontation (p. 147). One particular case attesting to this was in 2nd Samuel chapter 12:1-13, in whom King David was confronted by Prophet Nathan over his crime of adultery and murder. Crabb noted that in Colossians 1:28 Paul mention that he nouthetically â€Å"confronts people in an effort to promote their maturity† (p. 148). However, it appears that in the Old Testament, the use of the word counsel does not primarily denote divine purpose. Indeed, most of its uses in the Old Testament were either political or military advices to kings which were meant for the destruction of their enemies. The particular case where in counseling was used for divine purpose was in exodus 18:19 when Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law advised him on how he could effectively serve the people with justice. The word ‘wisdom on the other hand, was derived from Hebrew Hokma and Greek Sophia which according to J. D. Douglas and Mirrel C. Tenney only comes from God. Douglas and Tenney stated that â€Å"God is the source of wisdom and wisdom is the infinitely comprehension of all that is or might be† as mentioned by the apostle Paul in Romans 11:33-36, (p. 1066). Job 28:28 and Proverbs 1: 7 both teach that wisdom is given by God to people through the â€Å"fear of the Lord. Exodus 28:3 states that the wisdom given by God to man is manifested by their skills. This was clearly confirmed by God in Exodus 31: 1-3 wherein God said â€Å"†¦and I have filled with him the Spirit of God with skill, ability, and knowledge in all kinds of craft†¦. † The main word hokma for wisdom (used 146 times in the Bible) means understanding. The other Greek word, Tushiyya – used only a few times meaning â€Å"sound wisdom† while the adjective hakam â€Å"wise† is used 102 times, as wise men 15 times. In the book of Ecclesiastes, wisdom is considered â€Å"in contrast to other as a possible highest goal of life but is not desirable rather it is rejected. This is clearly reflected by in the following verses in the book of Ecclesiastes. Chapter 2:16 states: â€Å"For the wise man, like the fool, will not be long remembered; in days to come both will be forgotten. Like the fool the wise man too must die. † Another verse that particularly talks about the similarity of the culmination of one’s life both the wise and fool is depicted in Ecclesiastes 9:17-18; as stated: â€Å"The quiet words of the wise are more to be heeded than a shout of a ruler of fools. Wisdom is better than weapons of war but one sinner destroys much good. † The Greek Sophia for wisdom is used with reference to: (a) God Romans 3:33 and I Corinthians 1:21 (b) Christ – Matthew 13:54 and Mark 6:2; (c) Human wisdom Another Greek word for wisdom is Phronesis, meaning understanding, that is, prudence. Vines Dictionary stated that â€Å"while Sophia is the insight into the true nature of things, Phronesis is the ability to discern modes of actions with the view to their results. Sophia is theoretical and Phronesis is practical. In Exodus 28: 3, God directed Moses to make sacred garment for Aaron through the men whom God had given wisdom. This was also the case in chapter 31 of the same book wherein God instructed Moses to summon Bezalel son of Ur and Oholiab, son of Ahisamach both were skilled in all crafts, to make the tent of meeting between the people and God. These passages clearly involve the concepts above. Unfortunately, the word advice and plan does not appear in any biblical reference materials so there seemed to be no way to include them in the word study. The range of situations involving these concepts Biblical counseling according to Ed Welch is â€Å"as old as the history† of mankind and will thrive through out the next generations. Welch noted that it started with God speaking to his people (Welch, p. 2). In the Bible times, counseling was either for good or for bad purpose. Elwell noted that the task of a counselor in the royal court was â€Å"like a United States cabinet member today. † Biblical counselors of David and Absalom such as Ahitophel and Hushai held this position and were regarded not only as very influential in the king’s decision makings, but their counsel were held as â€Å"the oracle of God by the people, as mentioned in 2nd Samuel 16:23. However, in chapter 17 verses 1 to 14 of the same Bible book, the counsel given by both Ahitophel and Hushai was meant for the destruction of both David and Absalom. Ahitophel counseled Absalom to attack the fleeing and weary David to destroy him for Absalom to be able to consolidate all people of Israel. However this advice was frustrated by Hushai and gave his version of plot against David, which in effect was meant to bring disaster on Absalom verse 14. In the Old Testament, counseling was employed by kings as a form of political and military scheme as can be noted in many occasions such in 1st Samuel chapter 28 where King Saul sought counsel from a witch at Endor because of the great armies he was about to face in war. This was also the occasion with Absalom concerning the consolidation of his kingdom after David fled from the palace to escape from Absalom. Earlier, in the book of Judges Chapter 4, Israel’s leader named Barak also sought counsel from a prophetess named Devorah on whether he should go up against his enemies. Counseling occupy prominent role both in the political and military adventures of kings in the Bible times but was seldom employed for spiritual purpose. Two situations in the Bible that use the biblical data as support The New Testament may not have many situations wherein these cases had been vividly using the biblical data above as support. Nevertheless, one particular situation perhaps, is found in I Kings 3: 16-28 concerning the wise ruling of Solomon. The passage tells about two prostitutes living in the same house and who had given both birth of a son. Unfortunately, one of the children died and each of the mothers was claiming the baby alive. The dilemma of the case was that there was no one in the house except the two of them, when the problem occurred. When the case was brought to King Solomon, he rendered a sound judgment giving the live infant to his true mother. The Wisdom of Solomon was generally held a God-given wisdom. 1st Kings Chapter 3 deals about Solomon’s wisdom which he got from the Lord. In this case, Solomon’s counseling was based on the wisdom God has given. The second situation is found in the book of Acts 23: 12-15. In this case, Paul was a prisoner in Jerusalem on account of his preaching the gospel of Christ. Verse 12 tells us that some forty men formed a conspiracy against Paul. Their intention was to kill Paul, so they went to religious authorities to consult their plan and to finalize the details in which the religious leaders will petition the commander in charge of Paul to bring him to them â€Å"on the pretext of wanting more accurate information. † These men will then ambush the party along the way. Parallel to this, it could be noted that Ahitophel’s counsel to Absalom was about David’s destruction, and Hushai’s advice was a conspiracy with David to frustrate Ahitophel’s advice to bring disaster on Absalom. Either way leads to destruction of either of David or Absalom. The scenario maybe different, but the ethics of counseling involved was just the same. It had the intention to destroy just as the counsel given by Ahitophel to destroy David or the counsel given by Hushai to bring disaster on Absalom. The ethics involved is therefore bad ethics. According to Matthew Heney’s Commentary, Ahitophel gave Absalom a wicked counsel. The commentary goes: â€Å"Ahitophel counseled him to do wickedly, and so did as effectually betrayed him as he did who was designedly false, to him for those that advice men to sin certainly advise them to their hurt and that government which is founded in sin is founded in the sand† (commentary on II Samuel chapter 18) The advice given by those fanatical men designed to kill Paul was acted upon by the religious leaders corresponding to the Greek sumbulion which implies action. Although the advises given were not meant to solve one’s problem, but given the concept of counseling above, it was quite clear that biblical counseling, or the counseling done by the biblical people were usually political and had destructive intent against the person or the people the counseling was directed. This was also true with the advice given by Balaam to King Balak in Numbers chapter 22, when he was summoned to curse Israel so he could defeat them in battle. The Bible tells us that an angel of God appeared to him and warned him not to curse Israel instead, he should pronounced blessings, or he be killed by the angel. According to commentaries, although he pronounced blessings for Israel, he also counseled Balak to entice Israel to commit sin (Numbers 31:15-16).

Muhammad Ali Essay -- Sports American History

Muhammad Ali1 Muhammad Ali is one of the most recognized faces on planet Earth; known not just for being one of the best fighters in the history of boxing, but for being one of the most knowledgeable persons of the twentieth century. Ali wasn't always known by that name though, he was born Cassius Marcellus Clay on January 17, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky, him and his younger brother Rudolph had many small conflicts like any brothers would have, but they were, and still are blessed with having a very close relationship (Hauser, 2). Twelve-year-old Cassius was turned on to boxing after his brand-new bike was stolen at an annual Black fair called The Louisville Home Show (Jet). Joe Martin, a policeman who taught young kids how to box, was in a basement by the fair and after Cassius complained to him that he was going to â€Å"whup the person who stole his prized red-and-white Schwinn†(Jet). Officer Martin decided to push the frustrated youngster towards boxing. Six weeks later Cassius would win a three-minute, three-round split decision in his very first match (Hauser 7). Clay became more committed to boxing, fighting 108 amateur bouts, winning six Kentucky Golden Gloves Championships, two National Golden Gloves tournaments, and two National AAU titles (Ebony). Then the 1960 Rome Olympics came; a hesitant Cassius was afraid to travel over there in an airplane, but he eventually gave in and went, returning to America as a gold medal winner. Clay then came out with his very first published poem. After winning the gold medal in the 1960 Rome Olympics, eighteen-year-old Cassius Clay was ready to turn pro. He still kept Fred Stoner, the man who trained him as an amateur as trainer, but after his first win against an overmatched pa... ...and his opponent was Trevor Berbick. Ali entered the ring for the final time on December 11, 1981 (Jet). The bout started two hours late, there were only two pairs of gloves for the entire under card, and a cowbell was used for the ring bell. From the start, the actual fight was a drag, with Ali looking sluggish while his mediocre opponent showed little skill. When it all was over, the judges scored the bout in Berbick's favor (Hauser,77). The next morning, Ali finally announced that he was leaving the boxing ring for good. Works Cited Hauser, Thomas. Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. New York, NY, Bantam Books, 1991 Tyers, Kathy. Muhammad Ali: The Greatest. San Mateo, Ca, IDG Books World Inc.1995 Muhammad Ali Definition of a champ http://www.DefinitionofaChamp.com Jet Magazine http://ww.JetOnline.com Ebony Magazine http://www.Ebony.com

Smart Devices and System in Our Homes

The problems that we can discus in this part is about the introduction of smart devices and system in our homes, the risk and threats linked to them, and respectively to the smart home inhabitants will grow. So, the digital world as we know it now has gradually developed standards, protocols, interface, operating systems, programming models and architectures during the last 50 decades, making both computing and networking a type of plug-and- play environment. Nowadays the smart homes and its services, from a highly heterogeneous environment, which presents a significant challenge for future users and manufacturers. So, healthcare services contain unknown so far danger for human's life. The scenario of a villain causing a heart attack by remote intervention in a pacemaker or shutting down an insulin pump on a diabetic is not in the realm of movies but occur due to real sensitive that exist in connected medical devices. Furthermore, these are rather worrying facts, bearing in mind that between 1993 and 2009, 2.9 million patients received permanent pacemakers in the united states with this this number constantly increasing. The cyber threats are any identified effort directed toward access to, exfiltration of, manipulation of, or impairment to the integrity, confidentiality, security, or availability of data, an application, or a federal system, without lawful authority.In our everyday life, a threat to our home can be an open window or unlocked door, an iron or cooker that are not turned off or water running from an open tap. In future smart homes, in addition to the threats related to the household appliance, there can emerge dangers directed to the health or life of the inhabitants. The consequences of cyber-attacks can lead to serious problems like access sensitives information, espionage, data theft, financial losses. The nature, complexity, and severity of the cyber threats are increasing in time, which makes it difficult to build a good classification framework.Potential consequences of cyber-attacks can be:Rejection of service DOS targeting the sensors, video surveillance or communication system.Data integrity violation or data modification in communication media.System breaking with unauthorized access to network resources or system integration resources.The good transact with the attack, it is:To have an operating intrusion detection system.To have an attack prevention system.To maintain reliable identification, authentication and access control.To support leakage monitoring information.To employ reliable and effective communication protocol.To operate secure integrating system and external communication system.

Importance of Performance Appraisal

A major challenge for every business owner or manager is to have employees who are passionate about what they do and constantly strives to perform at their best. Many managers take the integrated approach known as Performance Management, to manage the performance, consisting of setting goals, training employees and then appraising and rewarding them (hrm). It can be explained as a process that consolidates goal setting, performance appraisal and development into single, common system, the aim of which is to ensure that the employee’s performance is supporting the strategic aims. (hrm book 315).. A performance management system would be only effective when the employees in Mambo are clear about their duties and job standards and the organizational goals so that they work with their full potential to meet organizational objectives. Mambo should develop a well planned performance management system as it will provide information on taking decision about the promotion and salary of the new as well as currently employed staff members. Moreover it would provide the senior management (Brett and Simone) to review the employee’s work related behaviour and developing a plan for correcting any deficiencies both for manager and employee as well. During the implementation of the performance management system the organisation has to expressly pay attention to fostering and improving the behavioral factors of performance management, in order to increase the chances of better result by the use of performance management system. A key element of Performance Management System is Performance Appraisal as it identifies, evaluates and develops employee performance to meet employee and organizational goals Brett and Simone have to choose an appraisal method so that actual performance can be measured as to what has been set in the organisation. Selecting one appropriate method from many is not easy as. It is The classification of appraisal methods helps make it more straightforward. If conducted properly appraisals can achieve a number of benefits for all parties. The organization, the manager and the appraisee can: establish current levels of performance and benchmark across departments or functions; identify ways of improving performance, individually and collectively; set clear goals for the future; assess potential and desire for development; establish the appropriate means of motivation; and improve communication throughout. Mambo would be benefited in reviewing the performance of the employees by using the balance scorecard method as it is a measurement –based management system that translates organizational vision and strategy into action. (hrm 321). Under the balanced scorecard system, financial measures are the outcome, but do not give a good indication of what is or will be going on in the organization. Measures of customer satisfaction, growth and retention is the current indicator of company performance, and internal operations(efficiency, speed, reducing non-value added work, minimizing quality problems) and human resource systems and development are leading indicators of company performance(hrm 321) A performance measurement system such as the Balanced Scorecard allows an agency to align its strategic activities to the strategic plan. It permits — often for the first time — real deployment and implementation of the strategy on a continuous basis. ( balance score card, bsc,and performance management, David Chaudron, oct 2000 (www. articles911. com/Performance_Management/Balanced_Scorecard) By this approach Mambo can track and improve its strategic performance and results by developing, measuring, collecting and analyzing the data from both internal business processes and external business processes and can get feedback needed to guide the planning efforts. This meth od not only analyses how the organisation has been doing, but also how well it is doing (â€Å"current indicators†) and can expect to do in the future (â€Å"leading indicators†). It provides a clear picture of reality. As their current strategy is to focus on the global competition they are about to face from the existing players of the market they need to integrate the performance appraisal into an ongoing culture of communication where regular feedback is part of a culture of success. Ultimately, goal of Brett and Simone, when conducting performance appraisals should be to impart a true appraisal of the employee’s performance (including behavior and attitude) from management’s perspective. Employees typically are anxious at the prospect of receiving negative comments on their work, and managers may be uncomfortable offering that criticism. When done correctly, however, appraisals can be positive experiences that motivate staff members to reach their potential and achieve their professional goals. In addition to assessing past performance, appraisal meetings provide an ideal opportunity to look at future objectives. Encourage employees to stret ch their abilities, yet make sure goals are realistic. Performance evaluations allow employer to reinforce expectations and communicate with your staff one-on-one about their career objectives and simultaneously provides an overview to establish the standards of remunerating employees. An increasingly large number of corporations have explored how rewards, particularly money, could be linked to desired behavior and/or performance outcomes to improve effectiveness. This has led to widespread and growing development of pay for-performance plans. â€Å"Pay for performance† refers to any compensation system that links pay and performance. A pay-for-performance system is only as successful as the performance management program on which it depends. There are two categories of pay merit pay and variable pay. The type of performance evaluation most often associated with merit pay plans are appraisals that focus on individual performance and typically use a combination of quantitative and qualitative performance elements thus Brett and Sim one must use the concept of merit pay, which would link the individual performance with the mission of the organization. pay for Performance: Your Performance Management Program Is the Foundation, jay Schust, april 2007 , http://www. work911. com/cgi-bin/links/jump. cgi? ID=773) However attracting, motivating and rewarding employees is about much more than wages and salaries. Mambo should establish a clear line of sight between business strategies and total reward philosophies so that an effective strategy can be formulated for attracting, motivating and retaining employees(hrm 373) Total rewards refer to monetary and non monetary rewards made up of salaries/wages and benefits an employee get for performing a certain job. As the employees with high salary and incentives are less likely to quit the organisation and work with their full potential to reach organizational goal. (hrm 373), thus Brett and Simone should make an effective pay structure for the employees. They should offer bonus on top of the salaries to the employees, if they achieve the desired targets set by the company. This can be done during performance appraisal by balance score card approach as it measures the performance of employees in terms of strategic improvement of the organisation. Title: The effect of performance management on the organizational results of a bank Author(s): Andre A. de Waal, Vincent Coevert Journal: International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management ISSN: 1741-0401 Year: 2007 Volume: 56 Issue: 5/6 Page: 397 – 416 DOI: 10. 1108/17410400710757114 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited title Performance appraisal across organizational life cycles. Chen, Hai-Ming1 Kuo, Tung-Sheng Human Systems Management; 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p227-233, 7p sorce Time to Reappraise Performance Appraisals. Find More Like This Receivables Report for America's Health Care Financial Managers; Jun2007, Vol. 22 Issue 6, p10-11, 2p By Lauren Stiller Rikleen .( balance score card, bsc,and performance management, David Chaudron, oct 2000 (www. articles911. com/Performance_Management/Balanced_Scorecard Developing Effective Performance Reviews. By Max Messme, business source complete, .( Getting the most from appraisals — from both sides of the desk. Find More Like This Yemm, Graham1 Source: Management Services Management Services, Spring2005, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p36-37, 2p, 2c; )

The Individual Its Struggle and Purpose Essay

The Individual Its Struggle and Purpose Essay The Individual Its Struggle and Purpose Essay From the dawn of our culture we have valued individuality, independence and freedom over almost any other values. After all of the revolutions and wars fought in the name of independence, in the freedom to be an individual, it is shocking to think of how often we forget its meaning and importance. It is much easier to affiliate with a group rather than risk rejection and act on your accord. The film Equilibrium, written and directed by Kurt Wimmer, and several articles from the PACS book highlight the issues concerning this struggle of the self. In order to fully understand the issue one must define individuality, recognize the trials of developing and maintaining individuality, and understand why it is important be an individual. Individuality can be defined as the characteristic of being free from the burdens of others opinions. Unfortunately in such a socially dependent society as our own it is nearly impossible to be completely free of others opinions. We were neglected the lux ury of discovering everything for ourselves. Instead we are taught. Our sovereign autonomy is tainted the first time parents say something is wrong and something else is right. The same contamination occurs upon the first days of school as we begin to learn not only what the majority believes is correct, but how to suppress the self in order to advance peacefully in society. We learn established rules and regulations. We learn that someone else has already found out what is right and we learn to accept without questioning. John Stuart Mill comments on the development of such universally accepted dogma in Of Thoughts and Discussion: It is illustrated in the experience of almost all ethical doctrines and religious creeds. They are all full of meaning and vitality to those who originate them and to the direct disciples of the originators. Their meaning continues to be felt in undiminished strength , and is perhaps brought out into even fuller consciousness, so long as the struggle lasts to give the doctrine or creed an ascendancy over other creeds. At last it either prevails, and becomes the general opinion, or its progress stop... (44) In this passage Mill explains that if a society can claim something is fact eventually the population learns to accept without questioning. Although it may be impossible to be completely free of the burdens of others opinions, it is possible to at least question those opinions we hear. Individuality is not accepting blindly and having a critical mind that checks others opinions with their own logic. This may seem simple enough but there is another complication when aspiring to achieve true individuality. It is equally important to act on your own beliefs as well as have them. An autonomous being is useless as an observer, but powerful when active. If a revolutionary idea is never shared and given the opportunity to change this world, it may as well have never existed. A true follower of autonomy must share their thoughts and work on making them reality. However this is often very difficult since identity is constantly under assault by societal and social pressures. Even after one ac hieves a state of intellectual sovereignty the views of others continue to pressure and challenge that autonomy. Humans are social creatures by nature and are often concerned with what others think of them. The desire to be well liked and the fear of being rejected are two forces working against the sense of self. In more extreme societies the fear of rejection can be replaced with the reality of political persecution. Equilibrium’s city of Libria is a perfect example of such a society. In the city state of Libria there is no individuality. The social opinions are all dictated by Father, the epitome of oppression. Those that counter Father’s opinion are hunted and executed. For this reason any â€Å"sense offenders† in the city must hide any original or creative thoughts. However one individual decides to act out against the tyranny of

Mary Church Terrell - Womens Civil Rights Activist

Mary Church Terrell - Women's Civil Rights Activist Born Mary Eliza Church, Mary Church Terrell (September 23, 1863 – July 24, 1954) was a key pioneer in the intersectional movements for civil rights and suffrage. As both an educator and activist, she was an important figure in the advancement of the civil rights cause. Early Life Mary Church Terrell was born in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1863 - the same year that President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. Both of her parents were former slaves who became successful in business: her mother, Louisa, owned a successful hair salon, and her father, Robert, became one of the first African-American millionaires in the South. The family lived in a mostly-white neighborhood, and the young Mary was protected in her early years from most experience of racism, even though, when she was three, her father was shot during the Memphis race riots of 1866. It was not until she was five, hearing stories from her grandmother about slavery, that she began to be conscious of African American history. Her parents divorced in 1869 or 1870, and her mother first had custody of both Mary and her brother. In 1873, the family sent her north to Yellow Springs and then Oberlin for school. Terrell split her summers between visiting her father in Memphis and her mother where she had moved, New York City. Terrell graduated from Oberlin College, Ohio, one of the few integrated colleges in the country, in 1884, where she had taken the gentlemans course rather than the easier, shorter womens program. Two of her fellow students, Anna Julia Cooper and Ida Gibbs Hunt, would become her lifelong friends, colleagues, and allies in the movement for racial and gender equality. Mary moved back to Memphis to live with her father. He had become wealthy, in part by buying up properties cheaply when people fled the yellow fever epidemic in 1878-1879. Her father opposed her working; however, when he remarried, Mary accepted a teaching position in Xenia, Ohio, and then another in Washington, DC. After completing her masters degree at Oberlin while living in Washington, she spent two years traveling in Europe with her father. In 1890, she returned to teach at a high school for black students in Washington, D.C. Family and Early Activism In Washington, Mary renewed her friendship with her supervisor at the school, Robert Heberton Terrell. They married in 1891. As was expected at the time, Mary left her employment upon marriage. Robert Terrell was admitted to the bar in 1883 in Washington and, from 1911 to 1925, taught law at Howard University. He served as a judge of the District of Columbia Municipal Court from 1902 to 1925. The first three children Mary bore died shortly after birth. Her daughter, Phyllis, was born in 1898, and the couple adopted their daughter Mary a few years later. In the meantime, Mary had become very active in social reform and volunteer work, including working with black womens organizations and for womens suffrage in the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Susan B. Anthony became a friend of hers. Mary also worked for kindergartens and child care, especially for children of working mothers. Mary entered activism more fiercely after the 1892 lynching of her friend Thomas Moss, a black business owner who was attacked by white businessmen for competing with their businesses. Her theory of activism was based on the idea of uplift, or the idea that discrimination could be tackled by social advancement and education, with the belief that the advancement of one member of the community could advance the whole community. Excluded from full participation in planning with other women for activities at the 1893 Worlds Fair, Mary instead threw her efforts into building up black womens organizations that would work to end both gender and racial discrimination. She helped engineer the merger of black womens clubs to form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in 1896. She was its first president, serving in that capacity until 1901, when she was appointed honorary president for life. Founder and Icon During the 1890s, Mary Church Terrells increasing skill in and recognition for public speaking led her to take up lecturing as a profession. She became a friend of and worked with W.E.B. DuBois, and he invited her to become one of the charter members when the NAACP was founded. Mary Church Terrell also served on the Washington, DC, school board, from 1895 to 1901 and again from 1906 to 1911, the first African American woman to serve on that body. Her success in that post was rooted in her earlier activism with the NACW and its partner organizations, which worked on education initiatives focused on black women and children, from nurseries to adult women in the workforce. In 1910, she helped found the College Alumni Club or College Alumnae Club. In the 1920s, Mary Church Terrell worked with the Republican National Committee on behalf of women and African Americans. She voted Republican until 1952, when she voted for Adlai Stevenson for president. Though Mary was able to vote, many other black men and women were not, due to laws in the South that essentially disenfranchised black voters. Widowed when her husband died in 1925, Mary Church Terrell continued her lecturing, volunteer work, and activism, briefly considering a second marriage. Activist Until The End Even as she entered retirement age, Mary continued her work for womens rights and race relations. In 1940, she published her autobiography, A Colored Woman in a White World, which described her personal experiences with discrimination. In her last years, she picketed and worked in the campaign to end segregation in Washington, D.C., where she joined the fight against restaurant segregation despite already being in her mid-eighties. Mary lived to see this fight won in their favor: in 1953, the courts ruled that segregated eating places were unconstitutional. Mary Church Terrell died in 1954, just two months after the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, a fitting bookend to her life which began just after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation and which focused on education as a key means of advancing the civil rights she spent her life fighting for. Mary Church Terrell Fast Facts Born: September 23, 1863 in Memphis, TennesseeDied: July 24, 1954 in Annapolis, MarylandSpouse: Robert Heberton Terrell (m. 1891-1925)Children: Phyllis (only surviving biological child) and Mary (adopted daughter)Key Accomplishments: An early civil rights leader and womens rights advocate, she was one of the first African-American women to earn a college degree. She went on to be a founder of National Association of Colored Women and a charter member of the NAACPOccupation: educator, activist, professional lecturer Sources Church, Mary Terrell. A Colored Woman in a White World. Washington, DC: Ransdell, Inc. Publishers, 1940.Jones, B. W. Mary Church Terrell and the National Association of Colored Women: 1986-1901,  The Journal of Negro History, vol. 67 (1982),  20–33.Michals, Debra. Mary Church Terrell. National Womens History Museum, 2017, https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-church-terrell

Cessation of Multi-Fibre Agreement Impact on Free Trade Essay

Cessation of Multi-Fibre Agreement Impact on Free Trade - Essay Example There was an agreement among the EU states in the year 1995 to phase out the MFA over a period of ten years. Accordingly the MFA was abolished at the end of the year 2004. The removal of the protectionist measure in the form of MFA has resulted in economic advantages to certain Western European Countries. However certain other European countries like Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece have raised serious complaints against the removal of the quantitative restrictions on the plea that such action had largely affected their domestic textile and clothing industry and the workers in the industry. With this background this paper presents a critical assessment of the potential benefits and problems to which European Union is subjected to due to the abolition of MFA. Before the impact of the abolition of the MFA on the European Union can be discussed it is important a background of the causes and circumstances under which MFA was entered and the immediate effect of the abolition thereof. (Jean-Pierre Lehmann) The emergence of China as an economic power had influenced all the other countries of the world to make economic adjustments to grow at the same pace as Chinese economy developed. In the light of these changes in the world economy, the Western European countries had embarked upon an association for peace and prosperity in the form of European Union. The economic and political success of the European Union had made the Eastern European countries to request for accession to the EU. All the European countries and even China opted for accession to World Trade Organization in the wake of economic globalization. (Jean-Pierre Lehmann) The formation of the EU and accession to the WTO had resulted in some over-regulation and un-dynamic inbuilt rigid aspects in some of the European economies especially for the protection of uncompetitive sectors. This had also restricted the provision of the conducive conditions for any creative destruction or innovation. Under these circumstances countries like the Netherlands, Britain, Ireland, Latvia and the Scandinavian countries have reformed their economic structures and adjusted themselves to the changing circumstances. However there are other larger economies like Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Poland had become less successful due to their industrial sluggishness. One of the anomalies of the international trading system resulted out of such un-dynamic environment basically to protect the domestic industry was to place the textiles and garment out of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) rules in the Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) The agreement was entered into with the intense pressure from the governments of the developed countries since there was a fear in the import-competing firms in such nations that the rise in imports from the cost-competitive developing countries would eventually destroy the viability of their domestic textile and clothing industry.( (Grimwade, 1996) "This was a defence measure initially taken in response